93 research outputs found
Mass ratio of elementary excitations in frustrated antiferromagnetic chains with dimerization
Excitation spectra of S=1/2 and S=1 frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnetic
chains with bond alternation (explicit dimerization) are studied using a
combination of analytical and numerical methods. The system undergoes a
dimerization transition at a critical bond alternation parameter
, where for the S=1/2 chain. The
SU(2)-symmetric sine-Gordon theory is known to be an effective field theory of
the system except at the transition point. The sine-Gordon theory has a
SU(2)-triplet and a SU(2)-singlet of elementary excitation, and the mass ratio
of the singlet to the triplet is . However, our numerical
calculation with the infinite time-evolving block decimation method shows that
depends on the frustration (next-nearest-neighbor coupling) and is
generally different from . This can be understood as an effect of
marginal perturbation to the sine-Gordon theory. In fact, at the critical
frustration separating the second-order and first-order dimerization
transitions, the marginal operator vanishes and holds. We derive
the mass ratio analytically using form-factor perturbation theory combined
with a renormalization-group analysis. Our formula agrees well with the
numerical results, confirming the theoretical picture. The present theory also
implies that, even in the presence of a marginally irrelevant operator, the
mass ratio approaches in the very vicinity of the second-order
dimerization critical point . However, such a region is
extremely small and would be difficult to observe numerically.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Nonadiabatic Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Geometry -- Application to the Twisted Schwinger Effect
We study the tunneling mechanism of nonlinear optical processes in solids
induced by strong coherent laser fields. The theory is based on an extension of
the Landau-Zener model with nonadiabatic geometric effects. In addition to the
rectification effect known previously, we find two effects, namely perfect
tunneling and counterdiabaticity at fast sweep speed. We apply this theory to
the twisted Schwinger effect, i.e., nonadiabatic pair production of particles
by rotating electric fields, and find a nonperturbative generation mechanism of
the opto-valley polarization and photo-current in Dirac and Weyl fermions.Comment: 24 pages, Accepted by SciPos
Topological transition between competing orders in quantum spin chains
We study quantum phase transitions between competing orders in
one-dimensional spin systems. We focus on systems that can be mapped to a
dual-field double sine-Gordon model as a bosonized effective field theory. This
model contains two pinning potential terms of dual fields that stabilize
competing orders and allows different types of quantum phase transition to
happen between two ordered phases. At the transition point, elementary
excitations change from the topological soliton of one of the dual fields to
that of the other, thus it can be characterized as a topological transition. We
compute the dynamical susceptibilities and the entanglement entropy, which
gives us access to the central charge, of the system using a numerical
technique of infinite time-evolving block decimation and characterize the
universality class of the transition as well as the nature of the order in each
phase. The possible realizations of such transitions in experimental systems
both for condensed matter and cold atomic gases are also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Optomagnonic Barnett effect
Combining the technologies of quantum optics and magnonics, we find that the
circularly polarized laser can dynamically realize the quasiequilibrium magnon
Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). The Zeeman coupling between the laser and
spins generates the optical Barnett field, and its direction is controllable by
switching the laser chirality. We show that the optical Barnett field develops
the total magnetization in insulating ferrimagnets with reversing the local
magnetization, which leads to the quasiequilibrium magnon BEC. This
laser-induced magnon BEC transition through optical Barnett effect, dubbed the
optomagnonic Barnett effect, provides an access to coherent magnons in the high
frequency regime of the order of terahertz. We also propose a realistic
experimental setup to observe the optomagnonic Barnett effect using current
device and measurement technologies as well as the laser chirping. The
optomagnonic Barnett effect is a key ingredient for the application to
ultrafast spin transport.Comment: 5+7 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Dynamical conductivity of disordered quantum chains
We study the transport properties of a one dimensional quantum system with
disorder. We numerically compute the frequency dependence of the conductivity
of a fermionic chain with nearest neighbor interaction and a random chemical
potential by using the Chebyshev matrix product state (CheMPS) method. As a
benchmark, we investigate the noninteracting case first. Comparison with exact
diagonalization and analytical solutions demonstrates that the results of
CheMPS are reliable over a wide range of frequencies. We then calculate the
dynamical conductivity spectra of the interacting system for various values of
the interaction and disorder strengths. In the high frequency regime, the
conductivity decays as a power law, with an interaction dependent exponent.
This behavior is qualitatively consistent with the bosonized field theory
predictions, although the numerical evaluation of the exponent shows deviations
from the analytically expected values. We also compute the characteristic
pinning frequency at which a peak in the conductivity appears. We confirm that
it is directly related to the inverse of the localization length, even in the
interacting case. We demonstrate that the localization length follows a power
law of the disorder strength with an exponent dependent on the interaction, and
find good quantitative agreement with the field theory predictions. In the low
frequency regime, we find a behavior consistent with the one of the
noninteracting system independently of the
interaction. We discuss the consequences of our finding for experiments in cold
atomic gases.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
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